Buddhism-

4 noble truths
8 fold path
Suffering
Nirvana

Hinduism

Karma
Moksha
Dharma
Samsara
3 main deities-Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
The Vedas

Confucianism

5 principle relationships
Civil service exams
ethics

Taoism

The way of the Tao
Yin and Yang
Lao Tzu

Shinto

Kami
Torii Gate
Shrines